Abstract： Based on the toxic pathogen theory of Chinese medicine， the authors reviewed the development of counteraction toxin therapy. It is believed that the counteraction toxin therapy originated from the pre-Qin period，and took shape in the era of Huangdi Neijing and Shennong Bencao Jing. Later， the academic system was basically formed by the exploration and practice of physicians such as ZHANG Zhongjing，HUA Tuo，GE Hong and SUN Simiao，the supplement and improvement of CHEN Yan，ZHANG Zihe，ZHU Danxi and other physicians，and the summary of XUE Ji，CHEN Shigong， LI Shizhen and ZHANG Jingyue，etc. Then it was further improved and supplemented by YU Chang，YANG Lishan，YU Lin， GAO Bingjun，WANG Hongxu，TANG Hong，DENG yuan and other physicians from the perspective of specialty. By the end of the Qing Dynasty， ZHANG Xichun had integrated Chinese and western medicine， which contributed to the academic system of counteraction toxin therapy including its principles， methods， prescriptions and medicines in a more comprehensive way. Thereby，the theoretical system of counteraction toxin therapy of Chinese medicine is developed more comprehensively and perfectly，thus becoming an important part of the academic system of Chinese medicine.