Abstract：Objective：To observe the effect of Xugu Huoxue Decoction on refracture of senile patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). Methods： The clinical data of 96 senile patients with OVCF receiving PVP were retrospectively analyzed， and divided into the Xugu Huoxue Decoction group and the routine treatment group according to different treatment plans ， with 45 and 51 cases in each group respectively. The refracture status within half a year after surgery，effective rate of symphysis after 3 and 6 months of treatment，and bone density，hip joint function (Harris scores)，levels of bone metabolism indexes [osteocalcin (BGP)，bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP)]， traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores and scores of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of treatment were respectively compared between the two groups. Results：The incidence of refracture within half a year after surgery was 4.44% in the Xugu Huoxue Decoction group， lower than that of 19.61% in the routine treatment group (P＜0.05). After 6 months of treatment， the effective rate of symphysis was 100% in the Xugu Huoxue Decoction group， higher than that of 86.27% in the routine treatment group (P＜0.05). After 6 months of treatment，the bone density in the Xugu Huoxue Decoction group was greater than that in the routine treatment group (P＜0.05). After 3 and 6 months of treatment，the Harris scores in the two groups were gradually increased (P＜0.05)，and the Harris score in the Xugu Huoxue Decoction group after six months of treatment was higher than that in the routine treatment group (P＜0.05). After 3 and 6 months of treatment，the levels of BGP and BALP in the two groups were gradually increased (P＜0.05). After 6 months of treatment， the levels of BGP and BALP in the routine treatment group were increased (P＜0.05)， and the above two levels in the Xugu Huoxue Decoction group at the same time point were higher than those in the routine treatment group (P＜ 0.05). After 3 and 6 months of treatment，the TCM syndrome score in the Xugu Huoxue Decoction group was respectively decreased (P＜0.05)，and the above score at the same time point was lower than that in the routine treatment group (P＜0.05). After 3 and 6 months of treatment，the ODI scores in the two groups were decreased (P＜0.05)，and the ODI score in the Xugu Huoxue Decoction group at the same time point was lower than that in the routine treatment group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： Xugu Huoxue Decoction can effectively decrease the incidence of refracture of senile patients with OVCF after PVP，which not only can improve the hip joint function and increase the bone density， but also regulate the bone metabolism， promote the symphysis and enhance the quality of life.