Objective：To observe the effect of Qinghua Gushen Paidu granules on expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)of nephridial tissue of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction，and investigate its mechanism of anti-renal fibrosis.Methods：Divided 72 SD rats of SPF grade into sham group，model group，Lotensin group，and Qinghua Gushen Paidu granules group randomly.In addition to the sham group，all groups were given unilateral ureteral occlusion(UUO)to establish rat models of renal fibrosis obstruction and respectively receivedmedication or saline by gavage after surgery，once a day.On the 7th，14th，and 21stday of treatment，rats in each group fasted for one day without water-fasting and were sacrificed.Then kidney tissue of the rats were collected for pathology test.Observed pathological changes by using HE staining， and detected positive staining expression of TGF- β1 and α-SMA in renal interstitium by immunohistochemical staining.Results：Compared with the sham group，on the 7th， 14th， and 21stday of intervention，the damage indexes of renal tubular interstitium in other groups were evidently improved，and the expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA of kidney tissue was also obviously increased，differences being significant(P＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group， on the 7th， 14th， and 21stday of intervention， the damage indexes of renal tubular interstitium and theexpression of TGF- β1 and α-SMA of renal tissue in the Lotensin group and Qinghua Gushen Paidu granules group were evidently decreased，differences being significant(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion：Qinghua Gushen Paidu granules may prevent the mesenchymal transition in epithelial cells and excessive accumulation of matrix out of epithelial cells by reducing the expression of TGF- β1 and α-SMA so as to improve renal fibrosis.