Objective： To observe the effect of rhynchophylline on activity of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)and expression of Toll-like receptors 4(TLR4)in hippocampus of young rats after status convulsion.Methods：Divided 160 male SD young rats randomly into the normal group， the model group， as well as the low， middle， and high dose of rhynchophylline groups，32 rats in each group.Each group was further divided into four subgroups according to different time points： 4 h subgroup， 24 h subgroup， 48 h subgroup and 72 h subgroup.Adopted intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride-pilocarpine to replicate the model of young rats after status convulsion.After the establishment of model，the low，middle，and high dose of rhynchophylline groups were respectively given 10 mg/(kg·d)，20 mg/(kg·d)and 40 mg/(kg·d)of rhynchophylline by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 3 days.The normal group and the model group receivedintraperitoneal injection of the same volume of saline.Activity of serum SOD of rats was detected by hydroxylamine method and expression of TLR4 in hippocampus of rats was detected by immunohistochemical method.ResultsActivity of serum SOD of rats in the model group was decreased at 4 h after convulsion，while expression of TLR4 in hippocampus of rats was increased and reached the peak at 48 h.Activity of serum SOD of rats in the model group at 4 time points was respectively lower than that in the normal group，while expression of TLR4 in hippocampus of rats in the model group was higher than that in the normal group(P＜0.01).Comparing with that in the model group，activity of serum SOD of rats in each dose group of rhynchophylline was increased obviously and was most obviously at 24 h，48 h and 72 h.Expression of TLR4 in hippocampus of rats in each dose group of rhynchophylline was obviously decreased(P＜0.05，P＜0.01).Activity of serum SOD of rats in each dose group of rhynchophylline was enhanced with the increase of concentration of rhynchophylline，while expression of TLR4 in hippocampus of rats was decreased with the increase of concentration of rhynchophylline.Conclusion：Rhynchophylline can increase activity of serum SOD and down-regulate expression of TLR4 in hippocampus of young rats after status convulsion，indicating that rhynchophylline may have protective effect on brain injury caused by status convulsion.