Objective：To observe the effect of Penshu granules on transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and signal transduction proteins(Smad3)of endo metriumin model rats with intrauterine adhesion.Methods：Divided 50 cases of adult female SD rats into the normal group，the model group，the Chinese medicine treatment group，the TGF-β1 antibody intervention group and the TGF-β1 antibody intervention plus Chinese medicine treatment group randomly，10 cases in each group.After establishing model of intrauterine adhesion by using self-made curettage spoon to scratch the endo metriumin model rats.Each group was given corresponding intervention，the bilateral uterus was taken to observe the lesion of uterine tissues of rats in each group on the 15 th day of treatment，and the contents of TGF-β1 and Smad3 of rats in each group were detected by immunohis to chemical method.Results：The 95%confidence interval between the model group and the normal group was not overlapped，indicating significant difference.The 95%confidence interval between the model group and the Chinese medicine treatment group，the TGF-β1 antibody intervention group or the TGF-β1 antibody intervention plus Chinese medicine treatment group was not overlapped，indicating significant difference.The 95%confidence interval between the Chinese medicine treatment group and the TGF-β1 antibody intervention group or the TGF-β1 antibody intervention plus Chinese medicine treatment group was overlapped，indicating no significant difference.The curative effect in the TGF-β1 antibody intervention plus Chinese medicine treatment group was the best.Compared with the normalgroup，the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 of epithelial cells in endo metriumwas significantly increased in the model group，differences being significant(P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group， the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 of epithelial cells in end ometrium was significantly decreased in the Chinese medicine treatment group，the TGF-β1 antibody intervention group and the TGF-β1 antibody intervention plus Chinese medicine treatment group，differences being significant(P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was found in the comparisons of expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 between the the Chinese medicine treatment group，the TGF-β1 antibody intervention group and the TGF-β1 antibody intervention plus Chinese medicine treatment group(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion：Penshu granules and TGF-β1 antibody can improve the pathological changes ofmodel rats with intrauterine adhesion， reduce the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3， and have the potential to control the intrauterine adhesion.The effect of the combination of the two is the more significant.