Objective：To preliminarily discuss the distribution of Chinese medicine syndrome types in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)， and compare differences between the helper T lymphocytes 17(Th)， regulatory T lymphocytes(Treg)，and Th22 in T-lymphocyte subsets of different syndrome types.Methods：Selected 115 cases of patients with COPD，and set 20 cases of patients without COPD as the control group.Divided patients with COPD into eight syndrome types.Set patients with syndrome of wind-cold fettering the lung，syndrome of external cold and internal fluid，syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing lung，or syndrome of phlegm-damp obstructing lung into the excess dominance group.Set patients with syndrome of spleen-lung qideficiency，syndrome of lung-kidney qideficiency，syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin of lung and kidney or syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis into the deficiency dominance group.Compared and analyzed the indexes in T-lymphocyte subsets of different Chinese medicine syndrome types，and compared those indexes among the excess dominance group，the deficiency dominance group and the control group.Results：The distribution of Chinese medicine syndrome types in patients with COPD is as follows：2 cases with syndrome of wind-cold fettering the lung(1.74%)， 1 case with syndrome of external cold and internal fluid(0.87%)， 22 cases with syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing lung(19.13%)，29 cases with syndrome of phlegm-damp obstructing lung(25.22%)，21 cases with syndrome of spleen-lung qideficiency(18.26%)，23 cases with syndrome of lung-kidney qideficiency(20.00%)，6 cases with syndrome of deficiency of both qiand yin of lung and kidney(5.22%)，11 cases with syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis(9.57%).No significant difference was found in the comparisons of the Treg fraction，ratio of Th17 to Treg and Th22 fraction between the group with syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing lung and the group with syndrome of phlegm-damp obstructing lung(P ＞ 0.05).No significant difference was found in the comparisons of the Th17 fraction，Treg fraction，ratio of Th17 to Treg and Th22 fraction among the group with syndrome of spleen-lung qideficiency and the group with syndrome of lung-kidney qi deficiency，syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin of lung and kidney or syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis(P＞0.05).The Th17 fraction in the group with syndrome of phlegm-damp obstructing lung was lower than that in the group with syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing lung，the difference being significant(P ＜ 0.05).The Th17 fraction，ratio of Th17 to Treg，Th22 fraction and IL-22 cell fraction in the group with syndrome of spleen-lung qideficiency，syndrome of lung-kidney qi deficiency，syndrome of deficiency of both qi and yin of lung and kidney or syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis were lower than those in the group with syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing lung or syndrome of phlegm-damp obstructing lung(P ＜ 0.05)，while the Treg fractions were higher than those in the group with syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing lung or syndrome of phlegm-damp obstructing lung( P ＜0.05).The Th17 fraction，ratio of Th17 to Treg and Th22 fraction in the deficiency dominance group and the excess dominance group were higher than those in the control group( P ＜0.05).The Treg fraction in the deficiency dominance group was higher than that in the control group，while the one in the excess dominance group was lower than that in the control group( P ＜0.05).In patients with COPD，the Th17 fraction，ratio of Th17 to Treg and Th22 fraction in the peripheral blood in the deficiency dominance group were lower than those in the excess dominance group(P ＜ 0.05)，while the Treg fraction was higher than that in the excess dominance group( P ＜0.05).Conclusion：Persistent chronic inflammation and autoimmune imbalance are closely related to the condition of COPD，which is an important reason for the transformation fromthe excess syndrome with excess of pathogenic qi to deficiency syndrome with deficiency of essentialqiin patients with COPD.