Objective： To discuss the clinical effect of acupuncture preconditioning for prostatic hypertrophy with postoperative congnitive dysfunction(POCD)in early stage after an operation of transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP).Methods：Selected 90 cases of male patients with prostatic hypertrophy who were planned to receive TURP operation randomly，and divided theminto the controlgroup and the observation group，45 cases in each group.The controlgroup was given preoperative routine treatment，while the observation group was given acupuncture preconditioning at acupoints of Baihui，Neiguan and Zusanliof both sides.Both groups were treated consecutively for 3 days beforeoperation.Compared the incidence of POCD on the 1st and 3rd day after operation with the content of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and S-100β protein in serum before operation and on the 1st and 3rd day after operation in the two groups.Results：One day after operation，the incidence of POCD was 24.44%in the control group and 13.33%in the observation group，difference being significant( P ＜0.05).Three days after operation，the incidence of POCD was 11.11%in the control group and 2.22%in the observation group，difference being significant( P ＜0.05).One day after operation，the content of NSE and S-100β protein in serumin the two groups were increased when compared with that before operation( P ＜0.05).The contents of NSE and S-100β protein in serumin the control group were increased more obviously when compared with that in the observation group( P ＜0.05).Three days after operation，the contents of NSE and S-100β protein in serumin the control group were higher than those before operation( P ＜0.05)，but lower than those on the 1st day after operation( P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences being found in the comparison of the contents of NSE and S-100β protein in serumin the observationgroup with those before operation( P ＞0.05).But the contents of NSE and S-100β protein in serumin the observation group were lower when compared with those in the control group( P ＜0.05).Conclusion：The application of acupuncture preconditioning for prostatic hypertrophy with POCD after TURP can effectively reduce the incidence of POCD and lower the levels of NSE and S-100β protein in serum after operation.Its mechanism m ay be relevant to the effect of acupuncture preconditioning in reducing the dam age to brain tissues caused by perioperative anesthesia and other factors.