To observe the clinical effect of Xingshen Yizhi Yin Formula combined with oxiracetam on vascular dementia.Methods：A total of 86 cases of patients with vascular dementia were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method，43 cases in each group.The control group was given intravenous drip of oxiracetam injection，and the observation group was additionally treated with the Xingshen Yizhi Yin Formula orally based on the treatment of the control group.The clinical effect was evaluated by the observation of the changes in Chinese medicine syndrome scores and the scores of cognitive ability and activities of daily living；cerebral blood flow velocity wasdetected； the protein expression levelsof heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP)， calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)and cysteine-aspartic acid protease(Caspase-3)in serum in peripheral blood were monitored；the medication safety was evaluated.Results：The total effective rate was 90.70%in the observation group，significantly higher than that of 72.09%in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).After treatment，Chinese medicine syndrome scores including delayed response， tinnitus and hearing impairment， soreness and weakness of waist and knees， intelligent decline and witless expression in the two groups were lower than those before treatment，and the above scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group，differences being significant(P ＜ 0.05).After treatment，the scores of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and Activities of Daily Living Scale(ADL)in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment，and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).After treatment，the levels of cerebral hemodynamic indexes including the anterior cerebral artery(ACA)，the posterior cerebral artery(PCA)，the middle cerebral artery(MCA)，the basilar artery(BA)and the vertebral artery(VA)in the two groups were significantly increased，and the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics in the observation group was more significant，differences being significant(P ＜ 0.05).After treatment，the levels of H-FABP and Caspase-3 in peripheral blood in the two groups were significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment，while the levels of CGRP were significantly increased；the levels of H-FABP and Caspase-3 in peripheral blood in the observation group were lower than those in the control group，while the level of CGRP was higher than that in the control group；differences being significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion：The therapy of Xingshen Yizhi Yin Formula combined with oxiracetam can help relieve the clinical symptoms of patients with vascular dementia，improve their cognitive ability and activities of daily living，whose mechanism may be closely related to the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics for enhancing the blood perfusion in the cerebral tissue and the regulation of the levels of H-FABP，CGRP and Caspase-3 in serum for repairing the impaired neurological function.