Abstract： Through sorting the understandings of different treatments for same disease from physicians through the ages， the author analyzes the thinking of its clinical application； by combining with the understanding of “precision treatment” of western medicine， it is emphasized that the theory is an important part in syndrome differentiation and treatment in Chinese medicine. The author thinks that there are similarities between “precision treatment” of western treatment and “different treatments for same disease” of syndrome differentiation and treatment in Chinese medicine；the former is an inevitable choice and important supplement under the guidance of the latter.