Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Fuzheng Kanglao tang combined with chemotherapy for retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods：A total of 78 cases of patients with retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group， 39 cases in each group. The control group was given 2HREZS/6HRE regimen of retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis or 3HREZ/6HRE chemotherapeutic regimen for patients with streptomycin intolerance， and the treatment group was additionally given Fuzheng Kanglao tang. The clinical effect， the negative conversion rate of sputum examination，the absorption rate of lesions，the closure rate of cavity，and the changes in the levels of immune function including CD4 + ， CD8 + and CD4 +/CD8 + in the two groups were observed and compared. Results：The total effective rate was 94.87% in the treatment group and 79.49% in the control group，the difference being significant(P＜0.05). The negative conversion rate of sputum examination，the absorption rate of lesions，and the closure rate of cavity in the treatment group were 100.00%，92.31% and 87.50% respectively；the above three rates in the control group were 77.78%，74.36% and 53.33% respectively；differences were significant(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group，and the level of CD8+ was lower than that in the control group，differences being significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion：The therapy of Fuzheng Kanglao tang combined with chemotherapy of western medicine has significant curative effect in treating retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis，which can significantly increase the negative conversion rate of sputum examination and the absorption rate of lesions，as well as the closure rate of cavity of patients，and improve immune function of patients. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.