Abstract ： Objective ： To observe the curative effect of compound Xueshuantong capsules for patients with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN). Methods：A total of 120 cases of DPN patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group，60 cases in each group. Based on the basic treatment of diabetes，the control group was additionally given the oral administration of mecobalamin， and the observation group was additionally given the oral administration of compound Xueshuantong capsules. Both groups were treated for three months. Before and after treatment， the changes of symptom improvement，sensory nerve conduction velocity(SCV) and motor nerve conduction velocity(MCV) of the median nerve and common peroneal nerve，as well as contents of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)，interleukin-6 (IL- 6) and tumor necrosis factor- α(TNF- α) in serum in the two groups were observed. Results： After three months of treatment， the scores of Toronto Clinical Scoring System(TCSS) in the two groups were significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)； SCV and MCV of median nerve and common peroneal nerve were significantly increased(P＜0.05)；the contents of BDNF in serum were significantly increased(P＜0.05)；the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were significantly decreased(P＜0.05). After treatment，the content of BDNF in serum in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05)，the content of TNF-α in serum was lower(P＜0.05)，and the SCV of common peroneal nerve was faster(P＜0.05). Conclusion：Compound Xueshuantong capsules can improve the symptoms and signs of DPN patients. Its mechanism may be related to the increase of BDNF content and the decrease of the contents of IL- 6 and TNF- α. In terms of increasing the content of BDNF and the SCV of common peroneal nerve， the effect of compound Xueshuantong capsules is better than that of mecobalamin.