Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of the therapy of Yiqi Gubiao pills combined with fibronchoscope lavage for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) complicated with respiratory failure. Methods：A total of 132 COPD patients with respiratory failure were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method，66 cases in each group. Both groups received conventional treatment；the control group was additionally treated with fibronchoscopy lavage， and the observation group was additionally treated with Yiqi Gubiao pills combined with fibronchoscope lavage. The clinical effect， improvement of clinical symptoms(wheezing， cough， breath)， length of hospital stay，levels of blood gas indexes(PaCO2，SaO2，PaO2)，lung function [forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1) and forced vital capacity(FVC)， percentage of FEV1 to predicated value(FEV1% )， peak expiratory flow(PEF)]， soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1) and lipid peroxide(LPO) before and after treatment in the two groups were compared. Results： The total effective rate was 93.94% in the observation group， higher than that of 81.82% in the control group(P＜0.05). The disappearance time of symptoms(wheezing， cough and breath) and length of hospital stay were shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of PaCO2 in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment， and the levels of SaO2 and PaO2 were increased；the level of PaCO2 in the observation group was lower than that in the control group，and the levels of SaO2 and PaO2 were higher；the differences were significant(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of FEV1，FVC，PEF and FEV1% in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the above four levels in the the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of sTREM-1 and LPO in both groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment，and the above two levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion： The therapy of Yiqi Gubiao pills combined with fibronchoscope lavage has a significant therapeutic effect on COPD patients with respiratory failure，which can relieve clinical symptoms，improve blood gas indexes，and restore lung function. The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of levels of sTREM-1 and LPO in serum.