Abstract：Objective：To discuss the effect of aerosol inhalation of budesonide assisted with Zhike Pingchuan prescription on the function of pulmonary gas exchange and miR-155 and miR-21 in serum of children with bronchial asthma. Methods： A total of 90 cases of children with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group，45 cases in each group. The control group was given routine treatment and aerosol inhalation of budesonide，and the experimental group was additionally treated with Zhike Pingchuan prescription based on the treatment of the control group. Before and after treatment，the changes in Chinese medicine syndrome scores，the lung function，and miR-155 and miR- 21 in serum were observed. The disappearance time of cough，heavy breath，and wheezing sound was observed. Results： After treatment，the scores of main syndrome and minor syndrome of Chinese medicine in the two groups were significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment，the difference being significant(P＜0.05)，and the scores in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group，the difference being significant(P＜0.05). The disappearance time of cough，heavy breath，and wheezing sound in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group，the difference being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment，pulmonary function in the two groups were improved when compared with those before treatment，the difference being significant(P＜0.05)，and the degree of improvement in the experimental group was better than that in the control group， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment， in the two groups，miR-155 was increased when compared with that before treatment，and miR-21 was decreased，the difference being significant(P＜0.05)； the increase of miR- 155 and the decrease of miR- 21 in the experimental group was more significant than that in the control group， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion： The therapy of aerosol inhalation of budesonide assisted with Zhike Pingchuan prescription is conducive to improving the function of pulmonary gas exchange of children with bronchial asthma，regulating the expression of miR-155 and miR-21 in serum，and accelerating the improvement of symptoms.