Abstract：Cardio-cerebrovascular disease，characterized by high mortality，high lethality rate，and high disability，is a serious threat to human health， especially the elderly. In the prevention and treatment of cardio- cerebrovascular disease， compound prescription of Chinese medicine has special advantages of multi- component，multi- target and multi- channel. The theory of simultaneous treatment of the brain and the heart is characterized by its holistic concept as well as syndrome differentiation and treatment. Combined with the relevant literature at home and abroad and the research results of our research group，this paper carries out a systematic review of the studies on compound prescription of Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of cardio- cerebrovascular disease based on simultaneous treatment for the brain and the heart， from the perspectives of composition， therapeutic material basis of Chinese medicine， pharmacological effect and clinical application. Besides，we try to explain that compound prescription of Chinese medicine can not only exert pharmacological effect through its therapeutic material basis，but also prevent and treat cardio-cerebrovascular disease based on theories of activating blood and resolving stasis，nourishing yin and tonifying qi，and freeing the collateral vessels.