Abstract：Objective：To observe the effect of five-element music therapy of Chinese medicine on growth of physique and behavioral nerve of premature infant. Methods：A total of 346 cases of premature infants were selected and divided into the study group and the control group according to the random number table method， 173 cases in each group. The first movement of Sonata for Two Pianos in D major of Mozart was played in the control group，and the five- element music of Chinese medicine(authentic mode) was played in the study group. The music was played twice a day，20 min each time，for continuous 14 days. After treatment，the growth of height，body mass and head circumference were compared between the two groups. The behavioral neural development in the two groups was evaluated by neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA). The incidence of hearing impairment was recorded. Results： After treatment， the growth of height， body mass，and head circumference in the study group were greater than those in the control group(P＜0.01)；the scores of behavioral ability，active muscle tension，passive muscle tension，primitive reflexes and general condition，as well as NBNA total scores in the study group were all higher than those in the control group(P＜0.01). During treatment， no hearing impairment happened in both groups. Conclusion： The five- element music therapy of Chinese medicine can promote the growth of physique and behavioral nerve，with good safety.