Abstract：Objective：To discuss the protective effect of Qileng tang on neurological function in rats with acute cerebral infarction and its mechanism. Methods： A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into the control group， the model group，the butylphthalide group，and the Qileng tang groups with low dose，medium dose，and high dose，20 rats in each group，half male and half female. Except for the control group，rat models with acute cerebral infarction were established in the other groups. After successful modeling，the Qileng tang groups with low dose，medium dose，and high dose as well as the butylphthalide group were given gastric perfusion with the corresponding medicines； the control group and the model group were given the same volume of normal saline； the interventions above lasted for seven days. After experiment， neurological function of rats was scored；the removal time of bilateral stickers and the score of balance beam walking were counted；the relative expression of protein and mRNA of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and Smad3 in the brain of rats were determined；the expression of protein of interleukin- 2(IL- 2)，interleukin- 4(IL- 4)，and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) was determined. Results：Compared with those in the control group，in the model group，the score of neuromotor function was decreased(P＜0.05)；the removal time of bilateral stickers，the score of balance beam walking，the expression levels of protein of IL-2，IL-4，and TNF-α，as well as the relative expression levels of protein and mRNA of TGF- β1 and Smad3 were increased(P＜0.05). Compared with those in the model group，in the butylphthalide group and the Qileng tang groups with low dose，medium dose，and high dose，scores of neuromotor function were increased(P＜0.05)；the removal time of bilateral stickers，scores of balance beam walking，the expression levels of protein of IL-2，IL-4，and TNF-α，as well as the relative expression levels of protein and mRNA of TGF- β1 and Smad3 were decreased(P＜0.05). Compared with those in the model group，in the Qileng tang groups with low dose，medium dose，and high dose，as the dose of Qileng tang increased，scores of neuromotor function were gradually increased(P＜0.05)，and the removal time of bilateral stickers， scores of balance beam walking， the expression levels of protein of IL- 2， IL- 4， and TNF- α， as well as the relative expression levels of protein and mRNA of TGF- β1 and Smad3 were gradually decreased(P＜0.05). Compared with those in the butylphthalide group，in the Qileng tang groups with low dose and medium dose，scores of neuromotor function were decreased(P＜0.05)；the removal time of bilateral stickers，scores of balance beam walking，the expression levels of protein of IL- 2， IL- 4， and TNF- α， as well as the relative expression levels of protein and mRNA of TGF- β1 and Smad3 were increased(P＜0.05). Conclusion： Qileng tang has a protective effect on neurological impairment of rats with acute cerebral infarction. Its mechanism is related to the fact that Qileng tang inhibits production of inflammatory factors including IL- 2， IL-4，and TNF-α through inhibition of expression of protein and mRNA of TGF-β1 and Smad3.