Abstract： Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment is an effective method to treat fibromyalgia syndrome(FMS). The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of FMS are complex. In recent years， there is a further understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in modern medicine， and the core pathogenesis of FMS is the key to operating acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. By referring to the new edition of the American Rheumatology Society's FMS diagnostic criteria and the European Anti- Rheumatic Alliance's Fibromyalgia Treatment and Management Suggestions，and based on the theory of yang qi and the conscious mind in Huangdi Neijing，this paper discusses the pathogenesis of FMS in Chinese medicine，and sums up the methods that can guide the clinical differentiation of acupuncture and moxibustion，and provide a feasible way of thinking for the differentiation and treatment of modern medical syndromes in Chinese medicine.