Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of modified Renshen Jianpi tang combined with bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets for diarrhea after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods： A total of 72 cases of patients with diarrhea after laparoscopic cholecystectomy were selected and divided into the control group and the Renshen Jianpi Tang group according to the random number table method， 36 cases in each group. The control group was treated with bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets，and the Renshen Jianpi tang group was additionally treated with modified Renshen Jianpi tang based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated for four weeks. The clinical effect and recurrence rates in the two groups were compared. Before and after treatment，the changes in the symptom scores，the levels of interleukin- 6(IL- 6) and tumor necrosis factor- α(TNF- α) in serum and the normal ratio of proportion of cocci and bacilli in the two groups were observed. Results： The total effective rate was 94.4% in the Renshen Jianpi tang group， higher than that of 80.6% in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the scores of the stool traits，fecal frequency and abdominal distension and abdominal pain in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜ 0.05)， and the above indexes in the Renshen Jianpi tang group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment， the levels of IL- 6 and TNF- α in serum in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)， and the levels in the Renshen Jianpi tang group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the normal ratio of proportion of cocci and bacilli was 97.2% in the Renshen Jianpi tang group，higher than that of 80.6% in the control group(P＜0.05). After three months of follow-up after treatment，the recurrence rate was 11.8% in the Renshen Jianpi tang group， lower than that of 34.5% in the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion： The therapy of modified Renshen Jianpi tang combined with bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets for diarrhea after laparoscopic cholecystectomy can significantly improve the clinical symptoms，control the inflammatory responses，regulate the alteration of intestinal flora，and reduce the recurrence rate.