Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of Chinese medicine comprehensive nursing combined with routine nursing for prevention and treatment of pulmonary infection in senile patients with thoracic vertebral compression fracture. Methods：A total of 86 cases of senile patients with thoracic vertebral compression fracture were divided into the study group and the control group according to the random number table method，43 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine nursing mode，and the study group was additionally given the Chinese medicine nursing mode based on the theory of treating disease before it arises. The incidences of pulmonary infection，the time of getting out of bed and the length of hospital stay in the two groups were observed；the cellular immune function and the levels of serum inflammatory factors before and after treatment in the two groups were compared. Results：The incidence of pulmonary infection was 2.33% in the study group and 20.93% in the control group， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). Before treatment， there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of the levels of immune cells indexes including CD3+，CD4+，CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ between the two groups(P＞0.05). After treatment， the levels of CD3 + ， CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 + in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)， and the levels of CD8 + were increased(P＜0.05)； the improvement of various indexes in the study group was more significant than that in the control group(P＜0.05). Before treatment， there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of interleukin- 6(IL- 6)， interleukin- 2(IL- 2)， tumor necrosis factor- α(TNF- α) and C- reactive protein(CRP) in serum between the two groups(P＞0.05). After treatment， the levels of IL-2，IL-6，CRP and TNF-α in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the above indexes in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). The length of hospital stay and the time of getting out of bed in the study group were shorter than those in the control group，the difference being significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion：Based on the theory of treating disease before it arises，the application of Chinese medicine comprehensive nursing combined with routine nursing for prevention and treatment of senile patients with thoracic vertebral compression fracture can effectively reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection，shorten the length of hospital stay and the time of getting out of bed，and improve the immune levels and inflammatory response of patients.