Abstract： This paper reviews the relevant literatures on the integrated Chinese and western medicine prevention and treatment of oral mucositis after targeted medicines of malignant tumors in recent 10 years，and systematically sorts out and analyzes the pathogenesis as well as prevention and treatment methods of integrated Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of the disease. The pathogenesis of the disease is not clear，and modern medicine considers that it may be related to the mechanism of targeted medicine therapy. The main prevention and treatment measures are oral care and supportive treatment，and corticosteroids has a significant curative effect on everolimus-related stomatitis. Oral mucositis after targeted medicines belongs to aphtha and oral erosion in Chinese medicine；the main pathogenesis is the dysfunction of viscera and bowels as well as fire- heat flaming upward to mouth and tongue； the main location of the disease lies in the heart， the spleen and the kidney. Treatments of the disease mainly focus on clearing heat and purging fire，as well as regulating yin and yang of viscera and bowels， which can be divided into five treatment methods， namely clearing heat and detoxifying， clearing the heart and purging the spleen，clearing heat and dispelling dampness，nourishing yin and clearing heat，as well as fortifying the spleen and purging fire. Targeted medicine combined with the method of reinforcing the healthy qi to fight against cancer can prevent the occurrence of oral mucositis.