Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of moxibustion combined with mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream in prophylaxis and therapy for arteriovenous fistula dysfunction of patients with hemodialysis. Methods：A total of 80 cases of patients who received hemodialysis and had autologous arteriovenous fistula were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method，with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine hemodialysis，and the observation group was additionally treated with moxibustion combined with external application of mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream based on the treatment of the control group. Before and after treatment， the fistula function， hemorheology indexes and platelet function in the two groups were compared， and the incidence of vascular complications was recorded. Results： Before treatment， there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of fistula function values between the two groups(P＞0.05). After treatment， the blood flow in internal fistula，blood flow during dialysis and diameters of internal fistula in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment， and the arterial end pressure and venous end pressure were increased； the blood flow in internal fistula，blood flow during dialysis and internal fistula diameter in the observation group were higher than those in the control group，and the arterial end pressure and venous end pressure in the observation group were lower，differences being significant(P＜0.05). Before treatment， there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of values of hemorheology and platelet between the two groups(P＞0.05). After treatment，hematocrit，plasma viscosity，fibrinogen and platelet aggregation rate in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment，and the values in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). The incidence of vascular complications in the observation group was 5.00% ， lower than that of 20.00% in the control group， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion： The application of moxibustion combined with mucopolysaccharide polysulfate cream has an obvious effect in the treatment of patients underwent hemodialysis and with arteriovenous fistula dysfunction，which can effectively protect the fistula function，improve local blood circulation and maintain the quality of hemodialysis.