Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Bushen Zhuanggu tang for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF) with liver and kidney deficiency syndrome. Methods： A total of 104 cases of OVCF patients with liver and kidney deficiency syndrome were divided into the operation group and the combination group according to the block randomized grouping method， with 52 cases in each group. After percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)， the operation group was given treatment for anti- infection， anti- osteoporosis and rehabilitative exercise， and the combination group was additionally treated with Bushen Zhuanggu tang based on the treatment of the operation group. Before and after treatment， the Cobb angle，Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)，L1～4 bone mineral density(BMD) and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) scores in the two groups were compared. The clinical effects，the incidence of refracture and the adverse reactions in the two groups were compared. Results： After treatment， the Cobb angles and ODI scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment，and the L1～4 BMD were increased，differences being significant(P＜0.05). The Cobb angle in the combination group was smaller than that in the operation group，the ODI score was lower，and L1～4 BMD was larger， differences being significant(P＜0.05). After one， two and three months of treatment， the VAS scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment，and the VAS score in the combination group was lower than that in the operation group at the same period， differences being significant(P＜0.05). The total effective rate was 96.15% in the combination group，higher than that of 82.69% in the operation group(P＜0.05). The incidence of refracture of adjacent vertebral body was 5.77% in the operation group and 1.92% in the combination group，there being no significance in the difference(P＞0.05). There was no adverse reactions related to drugs in the two groups. Conclusion：Bushen Zhuanggu tang for OVCF with liver and kidney deficiency syndrome can relieve symptoms of vertebral scoliosis and pain in lumbar vertebra，increase vertebrae BMD and improve vertebral function，with high safety.