Abstract： Objective： To observe the prevention and treatment effect of Taohong Siwu tang on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremities after operation for fracture of tibia and fibula，and the effect on serum inflammatory factors and coagulation function of patients. Methods：A total of 80 cases of patients with fracture of tibia and fibula were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method， with 40 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with internal fixation. After operation， the control group was treated with routine medicines for detumescence and low molecular heparin calcium injection，and the observation group was additionally treated with Taohong Siwu tang based on the treatment of the control group. Before and after treatment，the levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum，thrombin time (TT)，prothrombin time (PT)，Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and swelling degree of affected limbs in the two groups were compared. The incidences of DVT of lower extremities，joint dysfunction，delayed healing and infection in the two groups were compared. Results：After treatment，the levels of IL-5 and IL-10 in serum in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the above levels of inflammatory factors in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment， TT and PT in the two groups were prolonged when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and TT and PT in the observation group were longer than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，VAS score and swelling degree of affected limbs in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and VAS score and swelling degree of affected limbs in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). The incidences of DVT of lower extremities，delayed healing and infection in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference being found in the comparison of the incidences of joint dysfunction between the two groups(P＞0.05). Conclusion：Taohong Siwu tang for patients after operation for fracture of tibia and fibula can relieve their inflammatory responses， improve their coagulation function， alleviate pain and swelling of affected limbs，and reduce complications like DVT of lower extremities.