Abstract： Objective： To observe the effect of compound Xueshuantong capsules on the kidney function， urinary podocytes and Nephrin protein of patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Methods： A total of 180 cases of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with early nephropathy were divided into three groups according to the random number table method，with 60 cases in each group. The control group was given basic western medicine treatment to control blood glucose，blood lipid and blood pressure；the valsartan group was additionally treated with valsartan capsules based on the treatment of the control group； the compound Xueshuantong capsules group was additionally given Compound Xueshuantong capsules based on the treatment of the control group. The course of disease，age，body mass index(BMI) and blood pressure were recorded. The indexes of glucose metabolism， lipid metabolism and kidney function， the number of urinary podocytes and the levels of Nephrin protein were detected before and after treatment. Results： Finally， 58 cases remained in the control group，58 cases in the valsartan group，and 57 cases in the compound Xueshuantong capsules group. After treatment，levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG)，2-hour postprandial blood glucose(P2hBG)，glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)，triglyceride(TG)，total cholesterol(TC)，low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL- C)，creatinine(Cr)，urine albumin creatinine ratio(UACR)，urinary podocytes and Nephrin protein in each group were lower than those in the same group before treatment(P＜0.05). After treatment，levels of UACR，urinary podocytes and Nephrin protein in the compound Xueshuantong capsules group were significantly lower than those in the valsartan group and the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion： Compound Xueshuantong capsules combined with basic treatment such as controling blood glucose，blood lipid and blood pressure can effectively improve the kidney function of patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus complicated with early nephropathy，reduce the loss of podocytes and Nephrin protein，and delay the progression of nephropathy.