Abstract：To conclude and analyze the application of method of simultaneous treatment of water and blood for aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia belongs to the category of myeloid fatigue in Chinese medicine， which is often manifested by infecting and bleeding，with the whole blood cells decreasing. It is analyzed that myeloid fatigue，whose disease location is in the kidney，is the deficiency of both essence and water，with the manifestation of the deficiency of blood. Inspiring by the treatment method for blood syndrome，“stanching bleeding firstly，and then dispersing blood stasis，followed by pacifying blood，and finally supplementing blood”，described in TANG Rongchuan's Xuezhenglun，aplastic anemia can be divided into three stages in clinical application： the kidney qi cannot be transformed， leading to exuberant heat and bleeding； the deficiency of both yin and qi results in the deficiency of water and boiling blood；the blood stasis is stagnated in the body， leading to the deficiency of both water and blood. Therefore，the method of simultaneous treatment of water and blood is proposed，which is to supplement blood and promote fluid production throughout the whole process，and at the same time to regulate and harmonize water and blood，so that the harmonization of water and blood can be achieved and ultimately to improve the prognosis and quality of life.