Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of the therapy of Guyu Fuyuan tang assisting percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP) on osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures. Methods： A total of 216 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method， with 108 cases in each group. The control group was treated with PKP，and the observation group was additionally treated with Guyu Fuyuan tang based on the treatment of the control group. The Chinese medicine syndrome scores， Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scores and bone mineral density were compared between the two groups before and after treatment，and the clinical effects and adverse reactions were evaluated. Results：The total effective rate was 91.67% in the observation group，higher than that of 83.33% in the control group，the difference being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment，the Chinese medicine syndrome scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment， and the Chinese medicine syndrome scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group，the difference being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment，the anterior vertebral heights in the two groups were increased and kyphosis Cobb angles were decreased(P＜0.05)， and the anterior vertebral height in the observation group was higher than that in the control group， and kyphosis Cobb angle was smaller(P＜0.05). After treatment，the JOA scores and L2~4 BMD of vertebra in the two groups were higher than those before treatment， and the above two indexes in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 2.78% in the observation group， lower than that of 14.81% in the control group， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion： The therapy of Guyu Fuyuan tang assisting PKP for osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures can enhance the lumbar function of patients， improve the bone mineral density，reduce the Chinese medicine syndrome score and the incidence of adverse reactions，promote the recovery of the anterior vertebral height，reduce the severity of scoliosis and relieve the pain，with a remarkable curative effect.