Abstract： Objective： To observe the effect of the therapy of Hongteng tang retention enema combined with microwave physiotherapy on patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease complicated with pelvic effusion and its effect on serum inflammatory factors. Methods： A total of 126 cases with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease complicated with pelvic effusion were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group ， with 63 cases in each group. Both groups were given conventional anti- infection therapy after admission. The control group was additionally treated with microwave physiotherapy，and the treatment group was additionally given Hongteng tang retention enema combined with microwave physiotherapy based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated for seven days and followed up for three months. The clinical effects，pelvic mass diameter，amount of pelvic effusion， levels of serum inflammatory factors and recurrence rates in the two groups were compared. Results： The total effective rate was 93.65% in the treatment group， higher than that of 80.95% in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment， the pelvic mass diameter and amount of pelvic effusion in both groups were reduced when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the pelvic mass diameter and amount of pelvic effusion in the treatment group were smaller than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and interleukin- 6(IL-6) in both groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the levels of serum CRP and IL-6 in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). The recurrence rate was 3.39% in the treatment group and 15.69% in the control group after the three- month follow- up， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion： The therapy of Hongteng tang retention enema combined with microwave physiotherapy has a definite therapeutic effect on the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease complicated with pelvic effusion， which can reduce pelvic mass， pelvic effusion， inflammatory responses and recurrence rate.