Abstract： Objective： To analyze the mechanism of Polygalae Radix in treating primary insomnia(PI) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods：The compounds of Polygalae Radixwere screened through Herb and Batman- TCM databases； potential targets of main active components were screened by Swiss Target Prediction，SEA and Batman-TCM databases，and diseaserelated targets were screened in Gene Cards，NCBI Genes，and TTD databases. The targets of main active components and disease targets of Polygalae Radix were input into Venny 2.1 for intersection processing， and their common targets were screened out，and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to build a“drugcomponent- disease- target” PPI network and the topological data analysis was carried out. RStudio4.0.3 software was used to perform gene ontology(GO) function enrichment analysis；the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) was used for pathway enrichment analysis； Discovery Studio software was used to perform molecular docking between the main active components of Polygalae Radix and the core targets of the disease. Results： It was found that， in Radix Polygalae， there were nine main active components including Hypericin，α- Spinosterol，rutin and quercetin，261 potential drug targets，and 87 common targets after the intersection with 2 600 PI- related disease targets. A total of 36 core targets， including interleukin- 6(IL- 6)， tumor necrosis factor(TNF)， cAMP responsive element- binding protein 1 (CREB1)， vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)， and mitogen- activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3) were screened by topological data analysis. By the GO function enrichment analysis，1 302 BP entries，101 MF related entries， and 63 CC related entries were obtained. By the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis， 79 signal pathways were screened， including neuroactive ligand- receptor interaction pathway， γ- aminobutyric acid(GABA) pathway， phosphatidylinositol- 3- kinase/protein kinase- B(PI3K- Akt) pathway， cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) and TNF； molecular docking showed that the main active components of Polygalae Radix had a good affinity with core disease targets. Conclusion：Polygalae Radix can affect the nervous metabolism， oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions of the body through the synergistic effect of multiple components，multiple targets and multiple pathways，thus playing a role in the treatment of PI.