Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of the therapy of modified Buyang Huanwu Tang on rheumatoid arthritis(RA)， and its effect on Chinese medicine syndrome scores and levels of blood biochemical indexes. Methods： A total of 100 patients with RA were selected and divided into the two groups according to the random number table method. The control group was treated with routine treatment，and the observation group was additionally treated with modified Buyang Huanwu Tang. Before and after treatment， the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome(TCM) scores and levels of blood biochemical factors were compared between the two groups. Results： The incidences of ACR20 and ACR50 were 82.00% and 42.00% respectively in the observation group，significantly higher than 56.00% and 22.00% respectively in the control group(P＜0.05). Before treatment， there was no significant difference being found in the comparisons of TCM syndrome scores of pain，swelling，inhibited flexion and extension， aversion to wind- cold and morning stiffness between the two groups(P＞0.05). After treatment，the above five TCM syndrome scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the above scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). Before treatment， there was no significant difference being found in the comparisons of levels of rheumatoid factor(RF)， erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)， platelet- tolymphocyte ratio(PLR)， interleukin- 17(IL- 17) and high- density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL- C) between the two groups(P＞0.05)；after treatment，the levels of RF，ESR，PLR and IL-17 in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，the levels of HDL-C were increased(P＜ 0.05)，the levels of RF，ESR，PLR and IL-17 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05) ，and the level of HDL- C in the observation group was higher(P＜0.05). Conclusion：The therapy of modified Buyang Huanwu Tang can significantly improve the Chinese medicine symptoms of patients with RA and may enhance the curative effect by decreasing the levels of RF，ESR，PLR and IL-17 and increasing the level of HDL-C.