Abstract：Objective：To observe the curative effect of acupuncture and moxibustion method with shumu point combination combined with routine physical therapy for nonspecific low back pain(NLBP) and its effect on pain mediators， 6- ketone- prostaglandin 1α(6- keto- PGF1α) and thromboxane 2(TXB2). Methods： A total of 116 cases of NLBP patients were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method，with 58 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine physical therapy，and the observation group was additionally treated with acupuncture and moxibustion method with shu-mu point combination based on the treatment of the control group. The clinical effects and the recurrence rates in the two groups were compared. The changes in scores of pain degree [Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)， Pain Rating Index(PRI) and Present Pain Intensity(PPI)]， pain mediators [β-endorphin(β-EP)，5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in serum]，levels of 6- Keto- PGF1α， TXB2 and TXB2/6- Keto- PGF1α in serum and isometric contraction values of lumbar abdominal muscle before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results：The total effective rate of clinical effect was 91.38% in the observation group and 77.59% in the control group，the difference being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment，the scores of VAS，PRI and PPI in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)，and the above three scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of β- EP， 5- HT and PGE2 in serum in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)； the levels of β- EP， 5- HT and PGE2 in serum in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of 6-Keto-PGF1α in serum in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment，and the levels of TXB2 and TXB2/6- Keto- PGF1α were decreased， differences being significant(P＜0.05)； the level of 6- Keto- PGF1α in serum in the observation group was higher than that in the control group，and the levels of TXB2 and TXB2/ 6- Keto- PGF1α were lower， differences being significant(P＜0.05). After treatment， the isometric contraction values of forward flexion， backward extension， right rotation and left rotation of lumbar abdominal muscle in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment(P＜ 0.05)，and the isometric contraction value of lumbar abdominal muscle in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). After six months of follow-up，the recurrence rate was 20.75% in the observation group and 40.00% in the control group， the difference being significant(P＜0.05). Conclusion： The therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion method with shu- mu point combination combined with routine physical therapy for NLBP can enhance the clinical effect，reduce the degree of low back pain and improve waist function，with a low recurrence rate.