Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Bufei Huoxue Decoction assisting surgery for non- small cell lung cancer. Methods： A total of 104 cases of patients with non- small cell lung cancer undergoing surgery were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method， with 54 and 50 cases in each group respectively. Both groups were treated with thoracoscopic lobectomy， and the observation group was additionally treated with Bufei Huoxue Decoction based on the surgery. The clinical effects in the two groups were evaluated. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores，levels of inflammatory factors and rehabilitation indexes before and after treatment in the two groups were compared. Results：The total effective rate was 98.15% in the observation group，higher than that of 84.00% in the control group (P＜0.05). Before surgery，there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of TCM syndrome scores between the two groups (P＞0.05). After surgery，TCM syndrome scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before surgery (P＜0.05)，and the TCM syndrome scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Before surgery，there was no significant difference being found in the comparison of the levels of procalcitonin (PCT)，C-reactive protein (CRP)，interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) between the two groups (P＞0.05). After surgery， the levels of PCT， CRP， IL- 6 and TNF- α in the two groups were increased when compared with those before surgery (P＜0.05)， but the increasing amplitude in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The liquid volume of chest drainage in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group，and the bed rest time and the hospitalization time were shorter than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： Bufei Huoxue Decoction assisting surgery for non- small cell lung cancer can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients， enhance the clinical effect， reduce inflammatory responses after surgery，and shorten the bed rest time and the hospitalization time，so as to promote the recovery of patients.