Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of Xilei Powder Fumigation Wash on postoperative local edema and wound healing of anal fissure in stageⅠandⅡand discuss its mechanism. Methods：A total of 104 patients after surgery of anal fissure in stageⅠandⅡwere randomly divided into two groups，with 52 cases in each group. The control group was given routine treatment after surgery of anal fissure in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ ， and the observation group was treated with Xilei Powder Fumigation Lotion based on the treatment of the control group. The two groups were treated for 14 days. Before and after treatment，the clinical effects，scores of clinical symptoms，regression time of local edema，wound healing time，scores of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain，immune indexes including CD3+，CD4+，CD4+/CD8+，immunoglobulin- A (IgA)， and immunoglobulin- G (IgG)， inflammatory indicators， including C- reactive protein (CRP)， interleukin- 6 (IL- 6)， tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α)， hypersensitive C- reactive protein (CRP)， and interferon- γ (IFN- γ) in the two groups were observed and compared， and the incidence of adverse reactions was accurately recorded. Results：The total clinical effective rate was 98.08% in the observation group，and 84.62% in the control group，the difference being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment，the scores of clinical symptoms and VAS scores for pain in both groups were decreased，and the above two scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group，differences being significant (P＜0.05). The regression time of local edema and wound healing time in the observation group were less than those in the control group， differences being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment， the levels of immune indexes in the two groups were increased，and the levels of immune indexes in the observation group were higher than those in the control group， differences being significant (P＜0.05)； after treatment， the levels of inflammatory indicators in both groups were decreased， and the levels of inflammatory indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group， differences being significant (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference being found in the comparison of incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion： Xilei Powder Fumigation Wash can effectively improve the local edema of patients after surgery of anal fissure in stage ⅠandⅡ，promote the postoperative wound healing，and mitigate resultant local symptoms and pain with good safety，and it may exert curative effects through multiple methods such as partially inflammatory effects and enhancement of immunity of the body.