Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Shenmai Pingchuan Decoction combined with Guben Pingchuan Decoction for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with cognitive dysfunction. Methods：A total of 82 cases of patients with COPD complicated with cognitive dysfunction were selected as the study objects and divided into the control group and the study group according to the random number table method， with 40 and 42 cases in each group respectively. The control group was treated with Guben Pingchuan Decoction，and the study group was additionally treated with Shenmai Pingchuan Decoction based on treatment of the control group. Lung function，inflammatory factors， blood gas analysis indexes， cognitive function， sleep quality scores， and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores were compared before and after treatment between the two groups，and the clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Results：The total effective rate was 88.10% in the study group，higher than that of 70.00% in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，forced vital capacity (FVC)，forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)，and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) in the two groups were increased (P＜0.05)，and the above indexes in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)，interleukin- 6 (IL-6)，and procalcitonin (PCT) in the two groups were decreased (P＜0.05)，and the above levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels were decreased (P＜0.05)，and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) levels were increased (P＜0.05)；PaCO2 level in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05)，and PaO2 level was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the scores of Mini Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE) in the two groups were increased (P＜0.05)， and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in the two groups were decreased (P＜0.05)，and the MMSE scores in the study group was higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05)，and the PSQI scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the TCM syndrome scores of the primary and secondary symptoms in the two groups were decreased (P＜0.05)，and the above scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： Shenmai Pingchuan Decoction combined with Guben Pingchuan Decoction for patients with COPD complicated with cognitive dysfunction can enhance lung function and cognitive function and improve the levels of inflammatory factors.