Abstract：Objective：To observe the clinical effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction for chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI) and its effect on hemodynamics and cognitive function. Methods： The clinical data of 82 cases of CCCI patients were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the control group and the observation group according to different treatment methods， with 41 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine western medicine， and the observation group was additionally treated with Buyang Huanwu Decoction based on the treatment of routine western medicine. After one month of treatment， the clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Clinical symptom scores，mean blood flow velocity (Vm) in basal artery (BA)，left vertebral artery (LVA)，right vertebral artery (RVA)， left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) and right middle cerebral artery (RMCA)， cognitive function [Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) ， Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE) ， Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS)]， levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin- 1 (ET- 1) in plasma， and levels of hypersensitive C- reactive protein (hs- CRP) and interleukin- 6 (IL- 6) in serum were compared before and after treatment. Results：The total effective rate was 95.12% in the observation group and 80.49% in the control group， the difference being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment， the scores of symptoms like headache，vertigo，insomnia，and amnesia in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the above scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， Vm values of BA， LVA， RVA， LMCA， and RMCA in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the above indexes in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the scores of MoCA，MMSE，and HDS in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the above scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜ 0.05). After treatment， the levels of plasma ET- 1， serum hs- CRP， and IL- 6 in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and plasma NO levels were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)；the levels of plasma ET-1，serum hs-CRP，and IL-6 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05)，and plasma NO level was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion：Buyang Huanwu Decoction for CCCI can relieve clinical symptoms， effectively improve their cognitive function， vascular endothelial function and hemodynamic，inhibit the inflammatory responses of the body，and enhance the clinical effect.