Abstract：Objective：To explore the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome elements and new inflammatory indexes of large artery atherosclerosis (LAA). Methods： The medical records of 284 cases of LAA patients were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 177 cases of LAA patients were included in the LAA group， 61 cases of patients with Intracranial atherosclerotic plaques without stroke were included in the plaque group，and the other 46 cases of physical examinees without plaque or stroke were included in the plaque-free group. The gender，age，body mass index (BMI)，neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (NLR)， monocyte- to- lymphocyte ratio (MLR)， monocyte- to- high- density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) were compared among the three groups. Information on TCM syndrome elements of LAA patients was collected， and the correlation between TCM syndrome elements and new inflammatory indexes were analyzed. Results：There were significant differences in the comparison of age and gender among the three groups (P＜0.05). The patients in the LAA group and the plaque group were both older than those in the plaque- free group (P＜0.05)，and had more males (P＜0.05). The patients in the LAA group were younger than those in the plaque group (P＜0.05)， and had more males (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference being found in the comparison of BMI among the three groups (P＞ 0.05). There were significant differences in the comparison of NLR， MLR， and MHR among the three groups (P＜0.05). The NLR，MLR，and MHR in the LAA group were higher than those in the plaque-free group (P＜0.05)，and the plaque group had higher NLR than that in the plaque- free group (P＜0.05). The NLR，MLR，and MHR in the LAA group were higher than those in the plaque group (P＜0.05). Compared with the male，female can reduce the risk of LAA；the higher the NLR，the higher the incidence of LAA； the higher the MLR， the lower the incidence of LAA； the higher the MHR， the higher the incidence of LAA， difference being significant (P＜0.05). Age had no effect on LAA， there being no significant difference (P＞0.05). The proportion of TCM syndrome elements in 177 cases of LAA patients ranged from high to low，including internal wind syndrome，phlegm-damp syndrome，blood stasis syndrome，internal fire syndrome， qi deficiency syndrome and yin deficiency syndrome. NLR and MLR had an impact on internal fire syndrome， and MLR had an impact on qi deficiency syndrome， differences being significant (P＜0.05). NLR， MLR， and MHR had no effect on the other TCM syndrome elements， there being no significant differences (P＞0.05). Conclusion：The risk of LAA is related to gender，NLR，MLR，and MHR. NLR and MLR have an impact on internal fire syndrome，and MLR has an impact on qi deficiency syndrome.