Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Chaiqin Wendan Decoction combined with Alprazolam on primary insomnia complicated with anxiety of phlegm-heat harassing the heart type. Methods：A total of 60 cases of patients with primary insomnia complicated with anxiety of phlegm- heat harassing the heart type were selected and divided into the treatment group and the control group according to the random number table method， with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Alprazolam，and the treatment group was additionally treated with Chaiqin Wendan Decoction based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)， Self- Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome before and after treatment，as well as clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Results： After treatment，the total effective rate was 90.00% in the treatment group，higher than that of 60.00% in the control group，the difference being significant (P＜0.05). The PSQI，SAS and TCM syndrome scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment，and the above three scores in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group，differences being significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion：In the treatment of primary insomnia complicated with anxiety of phlegm-heat harassing the heart type，Chaiqin Wendan Decoction combined with Alprazolam can effectively relieve clinical symptoms， anxiety，improve sleep quality，and has better curative effects than the simple application of Alprazolam.