Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Wenshen Juanbi Decoction combined with Sulfasalazine and rehabilitation function training for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) of kidney deficiency and du cold type. Methods： A total of 60 cases of AS patients with kidney deficiency and du cold type were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table method， with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Sulfasalazine combined with rehabilitation function training， and the observation group was treated with Wenshen Juanbi Decoction based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The clinical effects， the scores of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes，low back pain，Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI)，the occiput-to- wall distance，finger-to-ground distance，Schober test，thoracic mobility，and laboratory indexes were compared between the two groups. Results：After treatment，the total effective rate was 93.33% in the observation group， higher than that of 80.00% in the control group (P＜0.05). The scores of TCM syndromes，low back pain，BASDAI，and BASFI in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the scores of TCM syndromes， low back pain， BASDAI， and BASFI in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The occiput-to-wall distance and finger- to- ground distance in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and Schober test and thoracic mobility were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)； the occiput- to- wall distance and finger- to- ground distance in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P＜0.05)，and Schober was greater than that in the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in thoracic mobility between the two groups (P＞0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factors- α (TNF- α)， erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C- reactive protein (CRP) in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and levels of TNF- α，ESR and CRP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜ 0.05). The levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) mRNA，interleukin-23 (IL-23) mRNA，T helper 17 (Th17) cell， and Th17/regulatory T cells (Treg) in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the Treg levels were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜ 0.05)； the levels of IL- 17 mRNA， IL- 23 mRNA， Th17， and Th17/Treg in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05)，and Treg level was higher than that in the control group (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion： Wenshen Juanbi Decoction combined with Sulfasalazine and rehabilitation function training can improve the symptoms，signs，and spinal function of AS patients with kidney deficiency and du cold type，inhibit the inflammatory responses of the body，and improve clinical effects.