Abstract： Objective： To observe the effect of modified Pingchuan Guben Decoction on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of lung-kidney qi deficiency type，lung function，and inflammatory factor levels. Methods：A total of 172 cases of COPD patients were selected as study subjects and divided into the control group and the observation group according to random number table method，with 86 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional symptomatic treatment， and the observation group was additionally given modified Pingchuan Guben Decoction based on the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated for 2 months. The clinical effects in the two groups were evaluated. Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores， the lung function indicators， inflammatory factor levels，and the scores of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions were counted in the two groups. Results：The total effective rate was 93.02% in the observation group， higher than that of 80.23% in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， the scores of main symptoms and secondary symptoms in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)；and the scores of main symptoms and secondary symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)， forced vital capacity (FVC)， and FVE1/FVC in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)；and FEV1，FVC，and FVE1/FVC in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α)， interleukin-8 (IL-8)， and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)； and the levels of TNF- α， IL-8， and CRP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，the scores of CAT and mMRC in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)；and the scores of CAT and mMRC in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference being found in the comparison of the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion： Modified Pingchuan Guben Decoction has good clinical effects on the treatment of COPD of lung-kidney qi deficiency type，which can promote the improvement of lung function，regulate the level of inflammatory factors，and alleviate symptoms of dyspnea，with high safety.