Abstract： Objective： To investigate the correlation between syndrome type distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) deficiency syndrome and clinical characteristics of growing simple renal cysts (SRC). Methods： A total of 451 cases of patients with growing SRC were retrospectively selected as research objects，and were divided into the spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome group (113 cases)，the liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome group (44 cases)， the deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome group (235 cases)，and the spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome group (59 cases) according to different TCM syndrome types. Clinical indicators such as gender，age，systolic blood pressure，diastolic blood pressure， serum creatinine， glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)， blood uric acid， total cholesterol， triglyceride and hemoglobin were compared among all groups. Disordered multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between different deficiency syndromes and clinical data. Results：The main TCM deficiency syndrome type of growing SRC was deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome. The age of patients in the liverkidney yin deficiency syndrome group，the deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome group，and the spleenkidney yang deficiency syndrome group was higher than that in the spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome group (P＜0.05)，and the age in the liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome group and the deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome group was lower than that in the spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome group (P＜ 0.05). The levels of serum creatinine and blood uric acid in the spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome group were higher than those in the spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome group and the liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome group (P＜0.05)； diastolic blood pressure and blood uric acid level were higher than those in the deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome group (P＜0.05)， and the total cholesterol level was higher than that in the spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome group (P＜0.05). The eGFR level in the spleenkidney yang deficiency syndrome group was lower than those in the other three groups (P＜0.05)，and the eGFR level in the spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome group was higher than that in the deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome group (P＜0.05). The results of disordered multiple Logistic regression showed that the age was related to liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome while taking the spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome group as the control group. (P＜0.05)； age and systolic blood pressure were correlated with the deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome (P＜0.05)； age， systolic blood pressure， serum creatinine and blood uric acid were correlated with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome (P＜0.05). Conclusion： The main syndrome type of growing SRC is deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome， and different TCM deficiency syndrome types are closely related to clinical indicators such as age， systolic blood pressure， serum creatinine and blood uric acid.