Abstract： Based on the theory of Professor QIN Liangfu， a famous traditional Chinese medicine practitioner in Shanghai，namely the idea that "the disease is in the brain，and the first thing is to get the governor vessel"， this paper analyzes the etiology and pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The authors believe that the key pathogenesis of children with ADHD is the dysregulation of static and dynamic，and the disharmony of yin and yang；the deficiency of kidney essence and the emptiness of the sea of marrow lead to the deactivation of the vital activity，which is the basis of the disease. In treatment， the governor vessel should be unblocked in order to regulate vital activity. The method of regulating the governor vessel and the spirit has a significant therapeutic effect on children with ADHD，which broadens the way of thinking for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.