Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of modified Yiqi Yangyin Tongluo Prescription combined with Calcium Dobesilate Capsules on simple diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods ： A total of 96 cases of patients with simple DR were divided into the control group and the treatment group according to the random number table method， with 48 cases in each group. The control group was given the oral administration of Calcium Dobesilate Capsules， and the treatment group was additionally treated with modified Yiqi Yangyin Tongluo Prescription based on the treatment of the control group. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores，eye-related indexes，visual function indexes and parameters of artery blood in retina were compared before and after treatment； clinical effects and incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were evaluated. Results： After treatment， the total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， TCM syndrome scores，central macular thickness，area of hemorrhagic focus，gray value of visual field and retinal artery pulse indexes in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and TCM syndrome syndrome score，eye-related indexes and retinal artery pulse indexes in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， the best corrected visual acuity，the average sensitivity of visual field，the average blood flow velocity of retinal artery and the peak blood flow velocity in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜ 0.05)，and the visual function indexes，the average blood flow velocity of retinal artery and the peak blood flow velocity in the two groups were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). No adverse reaction occurred in the two groups. Conclusion：Modified Yiqi Yangyin Tongluo Prescription combined with Calcium Dobesilate Capsules has a definite curative effect in the treatment of simple DR， which can enhance the visual function of patients and improve the retinal artery blood flow，with high safety.