Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of modified Xuanfei Huatan Decoction combined with western medicine on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with syndrome of turbid phlegm accumulation in the lung. Methods： A total of 124 cases of AECOPD patients with syndrome of turbid phlegm accumulation in the lung were randomly divided into the observation group (treated with modified Xuanfei Huatan Decoction combined with western medicine) and the control group (treated with western medicine only)， with 62 cases in each group. After two weeks of treatment，both groups were evaluated for clinical effects，traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores， lung function indicators， and serum inflammatory index levels. Results： After two weeks of treatment， the total effective rate in the observation group was better than that in the control group (95.16% vs 83.87%) (P＜0.05). The TCM syndrome scores in both groups were lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the TCM syndrome scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)， forced vital capacity (FVC)， FEV1/FVC，and the percentage of FEV1 to the expected value (FEV1%pred) in both groups were higher than those before treatment (P＜0.05)；the above four indexes in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)， interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) were all lower than those before treatment (P＜ 0.05)， and the levels of the above three indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： The combination of modified Xuanfei Huatan Decoction and western medicine has a significant therapeutic effect on AECOPD patients with syndrome of turbid phlegm accumulation in the lung，which has a positive improvement effect on clinical symptoms，lung function and inflammatory indicator.