Abstract： Objective： To observe the curative effect of Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction combined with antibiotic in the treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis. Methods： A total of 80 cases of patients with traumatic osteomyelitis were selected and divided into the control group and the combination group according to the random number table method， with 38 and 42 cases in each group respectively. The control group was treated with antibiotic， and the combination group was treated with Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction combined with antibiotic. Clinical effects were compared between the two groups. The changes in immune indicators，clinical indicators (antibiotic using time and extubation time)，biochemical indicators [white blood cells， neutrophils， erythrocyte sedimentation rate， C-reactive protein (CRP) and procal citonin (PCT)]，and scores of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain evaluation were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results： The total clinical effective rate was 95.24% in the combination group and 76.32% in the control group， the difference being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment， CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and CD8+ was declined when compared with that before treatment (P＜0.05)；CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the combination group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05)，and CD8+ in the combination group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Antibiotic using time and extubation time in the combination group were shorter than those in the control group，the difference being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment，the indicators including white blood cells，neutrophils，erythrocyte sedimentation rate， CRP， and PCT in the two groups were reduced when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and the indicators above in the combination group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment，VAS scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and VAS score in the combination group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction combined with antibiotic has a definite curative effect in the treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis，which can regulate the body's immune function and physiological state and relieve pain.