Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Jianpi Buzhong Yiqi Decoction combined with probiotics for chronic diarrhea with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome and its effect on intestinal flora and fecal traits. Methods： A total of 100 cases of patients with chronic diarrhea with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome were selected as the study objects，and were divided into the control group and the combination group according to the random number table method，with 50 cases in each group. The control group was simply treated with probiotics，and the combination group was treated with probiotics combined with self-made Jianpi Buzhong Yiqi Decoction. The counts of intestinal flora (bifidobacterium，lactobacillus， enterobacter， enterococcus) and the fecal traits [defecation frequency， Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) scores] before and after treatment as well as the clinical effects in the two groups were observed. Results： After treatment，the effective rate was 86.00% in the combination group and 66.00% in the control group， the difference being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment，the counts of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the counts of enterobacterium and enterococcus were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05). The counts of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in the combination group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05)，and the counts of enterobacterium and enterococcus were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). After treatment， the defecation frequency and BSFS scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the defecation frequency and BSFS score in the combination group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： Jianpi Buzhong Yiqi Decoction combined with probiotics for chronic diarrhea of spleen-kidney yang deficiency type can improve the counts of intestinal flora and the defecation of patients， whose curative effect is better than that of simple treatment of probiotics.