Abstract： Objective： To observe the curative effect of thirteen needles of the governor vessel combined with modified Jieyu Dan on post-stroke aphasia combined with insomnia and its effects on language function，cortical reorganization，and circadian rhythm. Methods：A total of 84 cases of patients with post-stroke aphasia combined with insomnia were selected and divided into the western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group according to the random number table method， with 42 cases in each group. The western medicine group was treated with conventional western medicine， and the Chinese medicine group was treated with thirteen needles of the governor vessel and modified Jieyu Dan. Clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Changes in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores， the scores of the Chinese Functional Communication Profile (CFCP) and Self-Rating Sleep Scale (SRSS)， and the levels of fractional anisotropy (FA) of the healthy side and the affected side， plasma melatonin (MT)， serum S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B)， serotonin (5-HT)， and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results：After treatment，tested by rank sum test，clinical effects in the Chinese medicine group was better than that in the western medicine group， the difference being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment， TCM syndrome scores of difficulty or silence in speech，vertigo and dizzy vision，deviation of mouth and tongue，profuse sticky phlegm， decreased or absent sensation， and hemiplegia in the two groups were declined when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and the above six scores in the Chinese medicine group were lower than those in the western medicine group (P＜0.05). After treatment，CFCP scores in the two groups were increased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)， and SRSS scores were decreased when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)； CFCP score in the Chinese medicine group was higher than that in the western medicine group (P＜0.05)， and SRSS score in the Chinese medicine group was lower than that in the western medicine group (P＜0.05). After treatment，FA values of the healthy side and the affected side in the two groups were improved when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)，and FA value of the healthy side in the Chinese medicine group was higher than that in the western medicine group，the difference being significant (P＜0.05). After treatment，the levels of MT， 5-HT， and GSH-Px in the two groups were improved when compared with those before treatment (P＜ 0.05)，and S100B levels were reduced when compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05)；the levels of MT，5-HT，and GSH-Px in the Chinese medicine group were higher than those in the western medicine group (P＜0.05)， and the S100B level in the Chinese medicine group was lower than that in the western medicine group (P＜0.05). Conclusion： For patients with post-stroke aphasia combined with insomnia， thirteen needles of the governor vessel combined with modified Jieyu Dan can reduce oxidative stress responses and neuronal damage， promote functional reorganization of the cerebral cortex， improve language function， circadian rhythm， and sleep quality， alleviate the condition， and enhance clinical effects.