Abstract： The core symptoms of female athlete triad (FAT) include low energy availability， menstrual disorder，and osteoporosis. The spleen-mitochondria theory posits a close relationship between the spleen in Chinese medicine and mitochondrial function in modern medicine. The physiological characteristics of the spleen， such as governing transportation and transformation， controlling blood， and managing muscles， align with mitochondrial roles in energy metabolism and immune responses. From a Chinese medicine perspective， spleen deficiency can lead to decreased energy metabolism， menstrual irregularities， and osteoporosis，which correspond to mitochondrial dysfunction and structural abnormalities observed in FAT. This paper， based on the spleen-mitochondria theory， explores the basic concepts， etiology， pathogenesis， and treatment approaches， integrating modern research advancements on FAT. It aims to analyze the connection between the two， providing new insights into the microscopic nature of FAT and offering scientific evidence for its early prevention and treatment.