Abstract： Objective： To explore the mechanism of Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Savat. in treating viral pneumonia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods： The active components of Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Savat. were screened by using Herb and CNKI databases； the targets of active components were detected by SwissTargetPrediction； the viral pneumonia-related disease targets were collected by GeneCard database，and the active components and disease targets were intersected by Venn diagram to obtain the potential targets of the active components of Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Savat. in treating viral pneumonia. The active components-targets network diagram was drawn and the active-components degree value was calculated by Cytoscape software. The intersection targets of Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Savat. and disease targets were analyzed via String database for PPI， and Hub gene analysis was carried out by Cytoscape software to screen the key targets for the mechanism of Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Savat. in treating viral pneumonia. Intersection targets were analyzed for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment through David database. The key targets in the inflammatory signaling pathways were identified by PPI and Hub gene analysis. The molecular binding energy between the active components and the protein of targets was verified by molecular docking. Results： A total of 17 active components in Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Savat.，476 targets of active components and 441 potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of viral pneumonia were selected. GO functional enrichment showed that therapeutic targets were mainly concentrated in the biological functions of inflammation， protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity and cell plasma membrane components. KEGG signaling pathway analysis showed that therapeutic targets were mainly concentrated in Th17 cell differentiation， T cell receptor (TCR)， mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)，phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and other inflammatory signaling pathways. The key core targets of Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Savat. in treating viral pneumonia were Jun proto-oncogene Ap-1 transcription factor subunit (JUN)，cell cyclin D1 (CCDN1)，tumor necrosis factor (TNF)， etc. The main active components corresponding to the key core targets were quercetin， kaempferol， astilbe， and flavonoids. The small molecules of active components were docked with the protein ligands of top five targets，and it was found that the active components and the targets had a strong binding ability. Conclusion：Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. et Savat. may act on JUN， CCDN1， TNF， JAK2， EGFR and other targets through quercetin， kaempferol， astilbe， flavonoids， etc.， and regulate Th17 cell differentiation， T cell receptor， MAPK， PI3K/AKT and other inflammatory signaling pathways， thus playing a role in treating viral pneumonia.