Abstract： Objective： To investigate the application and mechanism of Insect medicinals in the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases （MPD） by collecting literatures containing Insect medicinals prescription. Methods： The literatures on the treatment of MPD with Insect medicinals published in academic journals from the self-established database to December 202 were collected and screened on CNKI. The frequency of use，four properties，five flavours， meridian tropism and toxicity of Insect medicinals in the prescription were statistically analyzed， and the association rules were analyzed to summarize the application rules and core drug pairs of Insect medicinals in the treatment of MPD. The active ingredients and action targets of the core drug pairs were screened by the A Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM） combined with the existing literature. Disease targets of MPD were searched using the Human Gene Database （GeneCards）， the online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， and the Disease-Associated Genes and Mutation Sites Database （DisGeNET）. The target of the core drug pair was intersected with the disease target，and the active components of the core drug pair and the intersection targets were imported into Cytoscape.9.1 software for protein-protein interaction （PPI） network construction analysis， and the core components were screened. PPI network construction with STRING database，Screening core targets. The Gene Ontology（ GO） function enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（ KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were performed for the intersection targets using the DAVID database. Molecular docking was performed between the screened core components and the core target. Results： A total of 166 literatures on the treatment of MPD were collected，among which Hirudo were used the most frequently，10 times in total. The Insect medicinals used are mainly cold， neutral， salty， mainly liver channel， toxic is non-toxic or small. The drug combination with the highest support was Hirudo and Pheretima. There were 50 active ingredients in the pair， corresponding to a total of 585 action targets，and 156 intersection targets with MPD. The core components were ursolic acid and arachidonic acid，and the core targets were cell tumor antigen p5（TP5） and RAC-α serine/threonine protein kinase （AKT1）. The results of GO functional enrichment analysis mainly involved the regulation of key cellular processes，response to external stimuli，involvement in molecular interactions，maintenance of normal cell physiology and adaptability to the outside world，etc. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly involved cancer， atherosclerosis， apoptosis and other disease-related pathways. The results of molecular docking between the selected core components and the core targets showed that all of them had good binding activity. Conclusion：Hirudo-Pheretima mainly acts on TP5 and AKT1 through ursolic acid and arachidonic acid， and exerts therapeutic effects on MPD through multiple pathways.