Abstract：From the perspective of the syndrome differentiation of zang-fu organs，low back pain is most closely associated with the kidney. Chinese medicine practitioners throughout history have regarded kidney deficiency as a critical etiology of low back pain. Drawing on the viewpoint of CHEN Shiduo，a Qing Dynasty physician，who stated， "pain due to lack of fire， " this paper re-examines the kidney-supplementing therapeutic principles for kidney deficiency-induced low back pain by integrating the treatment characteristics and clinical experience of physicians from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.