Abstract： Objective： To observe the clinical effect of Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction on recurrent oral ulcer （ROU）. Methods： A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 80 cases of ROU patients treated at Yongkang Maternity and Child Care Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023. The patients were divided into the routine western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group based on different treatment methods， with 40 cases in each group. The routine western medicine group was treated with routine western medicine，and the Chinese medicine group was treated with Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome scores， symptom improvement time， levels of inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF-α）]， recurrence rates， and clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Results： The total effective rate was 97.50% （39/40） in the Chinese medicine group and 77.50% （31/40） in the routine western medicine group，with a significant difference between the two groups （P＜0.05）. After treatment，the TCM syndrome scores in the two groups were decreased when compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05）， and the score in the Chinese medicine group was lower than that in the routine western medicine group （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the average disappearance time of pain and the ulcer healing time in the Chinese medicine group were shorter than those in the routine western medicine group （P＜0.05）. After treatment，the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum in the two groups were reduced when compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05），with the Chinese medicine group showing lower levels than the routine western medicine group （P＜0.05）. During a six-month follow-up， the recurrence rate was 20.51% （8/39） in the Chinese medicine group and 58.06% （18/31） in the routine western medicine group， with a significant difference between the two groups （P＜0.05）. Conclusion： Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction in the treatment of ROU can improve the clinical effect，effectively inhibit inflammatory responses，accelerate pain relief and ulcer healing，and reduce the recurrence of the disease.